đŋ Introduction
On 7 November 1875, in a quiet corner of Bengal, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay penned a poem that would soon ignite the imagination of a nation — Vande Mataram.
Originally composed in Sanskritized Bengali, this hymn first appeared in his novel Änandamath (1882) — a work inspired by the Sannyasi Rebellion of 1770–1780, where renunciates took up arms against injustice and famine under colonial rule.
The song became the heartbeat of India’s independence movement, sung by patriots, banned by the British, and ultimately immortalized as India’s national song.
A century and a half later, its spirit still breathes — not only as a cry for freedom, but as a call for justice, equality, and planetary harmony.
To commemorate 150 years of Vande Mataram, we present four invocations — spanning from colonial Bengal to the global age:
-
Vande Mataram — the hymn of devotion and resistance (1875)
-
TapasyÄ MÄtaram — the fire of ascetic rebellion
-
Samata MÄtaram — the dawn of equality
-
Ekata MÄtaram — the age of global unity
đŽđŗ 1. Vande Mataram
By Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (1875)
đ️ Original (Sanskritized Bengali)
āĻŦāύ্āĻĻে āĻŽাāϤāϰāĻŽ্
āϏুāĻāϞাং āϏুāĻĢāϞাং āĻŽāϞāϝ়āĻāĻļীāϤāϞাং
āĻļāϏ্āϝāĻļ্āϝাāĻŽāϞাং āĻŽাāϤāϰāĻŽ্ ।
āĻļুāĻ্āϰāĻ্āϝোāϤ্āϏ্āύা āĻĒুāϞāĻিāϤāϝাāĻŽিāύীং
āĻĢুāϞ্āϞāĻুāϏুāĻŽিāϤāĻĻ্āϰুāĻŽā¤Ļ⤞āĻļোāĻিāύীং,
āϏুāĻšাāϏিāύীং āϏুāĻŽāϧুāϰāĻাāώিāĻŖীং,
āϏুāĻāĻĻাং āĻŦāϰāĻĻাং āĻŽাāϤāϰāĻŽ্ ॥
āϏāĻĒāϤāϏিāύ্āϧু āϏāĻĒāϤāϏ-āĻāĻŖ্āĻ āĻিāύী āϤāĻŦ,
āĻāϞāϧিāϤāϰāĻ্āĻিāĻŖী āϤāĻŦ,
āϤāĻŦ āĻļুāĻ āύাāϝ়āĻ āĻাāĻে!
āϤāĻŦ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϤে āϏুāĻে āϰāϤ āĻāĻে!
āϤāĻŦ āĻŽāĻ্āĻāϞ āĻšৃāϤ āĻĒ্āϰাāύ āĻĒ্āϰিāϝ়ে,
āϤāĻŦ āĻāϰাāϧāύা āϝাāĻšাāϰা āĻāϰে,
āϤāĻŦ āϤāĻŦ āĻীāĻŦāύে āĻŽুāĻ্āϧ!
āĻŦāύ্āĻĻে āĻŽাāϤāϰāĻŽ্ ॥
đŋ Transliteration
Vande MÄtaram,
SujalÄáš suphalÄáš malayajaÅÄĢtalÄm,
Åasya-ÅyÄmalÄáš MÄtaram.
Åubhra-jyotsnÄ pulakita-yÄminÄĢm,
Phulla-kusumita-drumadala-ÅobhinÄĢm,
SuhÄsinÄĢm sumadhura-bhÄášŖiášÄĢm,
Sukhadaáš varadaáš MÄtaram.
Sapta-sindhu sapta-sa-kaášášhakinÄĢ tava,
Jaladhi-taraáš
giášÄĢ tava,
Tava Åubha nÄyak jÄge!
Tava prabhÄte sukhe rata jage!
Tava maáš
gala hášta prÄáša priye,
Tava ÄrÄdhana yÄhÄrÄ kare,
Tava tava jÄĢvane mugdha!
Vande MÄtaram.
đ¸ English Translation
I bow to thee, Mother,
Richly watered, richly fruited,
Cool with southern winds,
Dark with the crops of harvest,
The Mother!
Her nights rejoicing in moonlight,
Her lands adorned with blossoming trees,
Smiling sweetly, speaking gently,
The giver of bliss, the giver of boons, the Mother!
Thou art the stream of seven sacred rivers,
Thou art the ocean’s waves,
Awake, O Mother of might!
In thy dawn the world rejoices.
To thee who art worshipped by thy sons,
In thee their life and pride—
Mother, to thee I bow!
đĨ 2. TapasyÄ MÄtaram
A new composition evoking the Sannyasi Rebellion spirit
đ️ Bengali Original
āϤāĻĒāϏ্āϝা āĻŽাāϤāϰāĻŽ্
āĻ
āĻ্āύিāĻļিāĻা āĻāύāύী, āĻাāĻো,
āĻ
āύ্āϧāĻাāϰেāϰ āĻŦুāĻ āĻিঁāĻĄ়ে āϞাāĻো,
āĻļাāύ্āϤ āύāϝ় āĻāĻ, āϏāύ্āύ্āϝাāϏীāϰ āĻাāύ,
āϧ্āĻŦংāϏে āĻাāĻে āύāĻŦ-āĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖ।
āĻŦāύ্āĻĻে āϤāĻĒāϏ্āϝা āĻŽাāϤāϰāĻŽ্ ॥
āĻিāϤা-āĻাāĻāϝ়ে āĻĢুāĻে āϤāĻŦ āĻĢুāϞ,
āϰāĻ্āϤে āϰাāĻা āϤāĻŦ āύূāĻĒুāϰāϧূāϞ,
āϤāĻŦ āĻ
āϰুāĻŖে āĻĻীāĻĒ্āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ্āĻা,
āĻিāĻ্āώাāϰ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰে āĻŦিāĻĒ্āϞāĻŦ āĻাāĻা!
āĻŦāύ্āĻĻে āϤāĻĒāϏ্āϝা āĻŽাāϤāϰāĻŽ্ ॥
āĻীāϰ্āĻŖ āϰাāĻ্āϝেāϰ āĻ্āϰাāύ্āϤ āĻŽাāϝ়া,
āϤ্āϝাāĻে, āϤāĻĒে, āϤāĻŦ āĻাāϝ়া,
āϏāύ্āύ্āϝাāϏীāϰ āĻ
āϏ্āϤ্āϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨāύা āύāϝ়,
āύāĻŦāϧāϰ্āĻŽেāϰ āĻāĻš্āĻŦাāύāĻŽāϝ়।
āĻŦāύ্āĻĻে āϤāĻĒāϏ্āϝা āĻŽাāϤāϰāĻŽ্ ॥
āϤুāĻŽি āĻāĻ্āĻা, āϤুāĻŽি āĻিāϤা,
āϤুāĻŽি āĻļ্āĻŽāĻļাāύেāĻ āĻĻীāĻĒ্āϤ āĻীāϤা,
āϤুāĻŽি āϧ্āĻŦংāϏেāϰ āϏুāϰে āĻŽুāĻ্āϤি,
āϤুāĻŽি āĻŽাāϝ়াāϰ āĻ
āύ্āϤāϰ āĻļāĻ্āϤি।
āĻŦāύ্āĻĻে āϤāĻĒāϏ্āϝা āĻŽাāϤāϰāĻŽ্ ॥
āĻিāĻ্āώাāĻĒাāϤ্āϰে āĻŦাāĻে āĻļāĻ্āĻāϧ্āĻŦāύি,
āĻ
āϏ্āϤ্āϰ āĻšাāϤে āϝāĻ্āĻাāϰ āϧ্āĻŦāύি,
āϤ্āϝাāĻে āĻāύ্āĻŽে āϤāĻŦ āϏৈāύিāĻ āĻĻāϞ,
āϧ্āĻŦংāϏে āĻāĻĄ়ে āύāĻŦ āϝুāĻāϤāϞ।
āĻŦāύ্āĻĻে āϤāĻĒāϏ্āϝা āĻŽাāϤāϰāĻŽ্ ॥
đŋ Transliteration
TapasyÄ MÄtaram
AgniÅikhÄ jananÄĢ, jÄgo,
AndhakÄrer buk chiáše lÄgo,
ÅÄnta naáē Äj sannyÄsÄĢr gÄn,
Dhvaášse jÄge nava-prÄáš.
Vande TapasyÄ MÄtaram.
ChitÄ-chÄye phuáše tava phul,
Rakte rÄáš
Ä tava nÅĢpur-dhÅĢl,
Tava aruáše dÄĢpta pratijÃąÄ,
BhikášŖÄr mantre biplab jÄgÄ!
Vande TapasyÄ MÄtaram.
JÄĢráša rÄjyÄr bhrÄnta mÄáēÄ,
TyÄge, tape, tava chÄáēÄ,
SannyÄsÄĢr astra prÄrthanÄ naáē,
Nava-dharmer ÄhvÄnamoy.
Vande TapasyÄ MÄtaram.
Tumi Gaáš
gÄ, tumi chitÄ,
Tumi ÅmaÅÄne-o dÄĢpta GÄĢtÄ,
Tumi dhvaášser sure mukti,
Tumi mÄáēÄr antar Åakti.
Vande TapasyÄ MÄtaram.
BhikášŖÄpÄtre bÄje Åaáš
khadhvani,
Astra hÄte yajÃąÄr dhvani,
TyÄge janme tava sainik dal,
Dhvaášse gaáše nava yugatal.
Vande TapasyÄ MÄtaram.
đ¸ English Translation
Mother of Austerity!
Flame-born Mother, awake,
Pierce the heart of darkness and quake!
The monk’s song is calm no more —
From ruin rises life once more!
Salutations to thee, O Mother of Tapasya!
From funeral ashes blooms thy flower,
Thy anklets red with blood’s power,
In thy dawn burns the vow of flame,
From the beggar’s chant — rebellion came!
Old empires’ hollow lies,
Fade beneath thy penance skies,
The monk’s weapon is not plea,
But faith in new humanity.
Thou art Ganga, thou art pyre,
Thou art Gita’s burning fire,
Thou art freedom’s fierce decree,
Thou art Maya’s secret energy.
In the begging bowl sounds the conch,
In the sword the hymn of renounce,
From sacrifice thy soldiers rise,
Building new worlds from what dies!
đ 3. Samata MÄtaram
(Mother of Equality)
đ️ Bengali Original
āϏāĻŽāϤা āĻŽাāϤāϰāĻŽ্
āĻাāĻো āĻāύāύী, āύূāϤāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϤে,
āϏāĻŦাāϰ āϤāϰে āĻšোāĻ āϏāĻŽাāύ āĻ্āϝোāϤি,
āĻŦāϰ্āĻŖ, āĻাāώা, āϧāϰ্āĻŽ, āĻাāϤি,
āϏāĻŦ āĻেāĻĻ āĻšোāĻ āĻŽাāĻি।
āĻŦāύ্āĻĻে āϏāĻŽāϤা āĻŽাāϤāϰāĻŽ্ ॥
āϤুāĻŽি āϧāϰāĻŖী, āϤুāĻŽি āĻāĻাāĻļ,
āϤুāĻŽি āĻšৃāĻĻā§ে āĻŽুāĻ্āϤিāϰ āĻāĻļ,
āϤুāĻŽি āĻĒāϰিāĻļ্āϰāĻŽেāϰ āĻাāύ,
āϤুāĻŽি āĻĒ্āϰেāĻŽেāϰ āĻāĻš্āĻŦাāύ।
āĻŦāύ্āĻĻে āϏāĻŽāϤা āĻŽাāϤāϰāĻŽ্ ॥
āϤোāĻŽাāϰ āĻļāϏ্āϝে āϏāĻāϞেāϰ āĻাāĻ,
āϤোāĻŽাāϰ āĻļিāĻļিāϰে āĻļাāύ্āϤিāϰ āϰাāĻ,
āϤোāĻŽাāϰ āĻ
āϰুāĻŖে āĻাāĻে āĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖ,
āϤুāĻŽি āϏāĻŽāϤাāϰ āϤ্āϰাāĻŖ।
āĻŦāύ্āĻĻে āϏāĻŽāϤা āĻŽাāϤāϰāĻŽ্ ॥
āϤুāĻŽি āύāĻĻী, āϤুāĻŽি āĻĻিāĻāύ্āϤ,
āϤুāĻŽি āĻৃāώাāĻŖেāϰ āĻāĻŖ্āĻ ,
āϤুāĻŽি āĻļ্āϰāĻŽেāϰ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰ,
āϤুāĻŽি āĻŽাāύāĻŦāϧāϰ্āĻŽেāϰ āĻেāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ।
āĻŦāύ্āĻĻে āϏāĻŽāϤা āĻŽাāϤāϰāĻŽ্ ॥
đŋ Transliteration
Samata MÄtaram
JÄgo jananÄĢ, nÅĢtan prabhÄte,
SabÄr tore hok samÄn jyoti,
Baráša, bhÄášŖÄ, dharma, jÄti,
Sab bhed hok mÄáši.
Vande Samata MÄtaram.
Tumi dharaášÄĢ, tumi ÄkÄÅ,
Tumi hášdaye muktir ÄÅ,
Tumi pariÅramer gÄn,
Tumi premer ÄhvÄn.
Vande Samata MÄtaram.
TomÄr Åasyae sakaler bhÄg,
TomÄr ÅiÅire ÅÄntir rÄg,
TomÄr aruáše jÄge prÄn,
Tumi samatÄr trÄn.
Vande Samata MÄtaram.
Tumi nadÄĢ, tumi diganta,
Tumi kášášŖÄášer kaášášha,
Tumi Åramer mantra,
Tumi mÄnava-dharmer kendra.
Vande Samata MÄtaram.
đ¸ English Translation
Equality, O Mother!
Arise in a dawn anew,
Let equal light shine for all,
Of color, tongue, faith, or caste —
Let every difference return to dust.
Thou art the earth, thou art the sky,
Thou art the hope of liberty in every heart,
Thou art the song of labor,
The call of love.
Thy harvests belong to all,
Thy dew carries peace,
Thy dawn awakens life,
Thou art the savior of equality.
Thou art river, thou art horizon,
Thou art the farmer’s voice,
Thou art the chant of toil,
The heart of all human faith.
đ 4. Ekata MÄtaram
(Mother of Unity — for the age beyond nations)
đ️ Bengali Original
āĻāĻāϤা āĻŽাāϤāϰāĻŽ্
āĻাāĻো āύāĻŦāϝুāĻে, āĻŽা, āĻিāϰāĻĒ্āϰāĻা,
āĻŦিāĻাāĻāύেāϰ āĻļৃāĻ্āĻāϞ āĻāϰো āϧ্āĻŦংāϏ āϰাāĻা,
āϧāύ-āĻļāĻ্āϤিāϰ āύāϝ় āĻĻাāϏāϤ্āĻŦ āĻাāĻ,
āĻŽাāύāĻŦেāϰ āĻŽāϰ্āϝাāĻĻা āϤāĻŦেāĻ āϏāϤ্āϝ āĻĒাāĻ।
āĻŦāύ্āĻĻে āĻāĻāϤা āĻŽাāϤāϰāĻŽ্ ॥
āĻŦাāĻŖিāĻ্āϝেāϰ āĻļৃāĻ্āĻāϞ, āĻāĻŖেāϰ āĻŦāύ্āϧāύ,
āĻাāĻো āĻŽা, āĻŽুāĻ্āϤ āĻāϰো āύāϤ āĻāύ,
āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ, āĻĻāĻ্āώিāĻŖ, āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦ, āĻĒāĻļ্āĻিāĻŽে,
āϤোāĻŽাāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻāĻ āϏুāϰে āϰāĻŦে āĻĻিāĻāύ্āϤে।
āĻŦāύ্āĻĻে āĻāĻāϤা āĻŽাāϤāϰāĻŽ্ ॥
āϤুāĻŽি āĻূāĻŽি, āϤুāĻŽি āĻāĻাāĻļ,
āϤুāĻŽি āϏāĻāϞ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖেāϰ āĻāĻļ,
āϤুāĻŽি āύāĻĻীāϰ āϏ্āϰোāϤ, āϤুāĻŽি āĻŦাāϤাāϏ,
āϤুāĻŽি āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻāύāύীāϰ āϏ্āύেāĻš-āĻāϞাāϏ।
āĻŦāύ্āĻĻে āĻāĻāϤা āĻŽাāϤāϰāĻŽ্ ॥
āύāĻ āĻāĻĒāύিāĻŦেāĻļেāϰ āĻাāϞ āĻিāύ্āύ āĻšোāĻ,
āύ্āϝাāϝ়ে āĻšোāĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ্āϧ, āĻŽিāĻĨ্āϝা āĻোāĻ,
āϏāĻŽ্āĻাāĻŦে āĻļāĻ্āϤি, āϏেāĻŦাāϝ় āĻāϝ়,
āϤোāĻŽাāϰ āϏāύ্āϤাāύ āĻŽেāϞুāĻ āĻšāϏ্āϤ āϏāϰ্āĻŦāϤ্āϰ āϏ্āύেāĻšāĻŽāϝ়।
āĻŦāύ্āĻĻে āĻāĻāϤা āĻŽাāϤāϰāĻŽ্ ॥
āϤুāĻŽি āĻļাāύ্āϤি, āϤুāĻŽি āϏāĻ্āĻ,
āϤুāĻŽি āĻেāϤāύা āĻ
āύāύ্āϤ āĻ
āύুāϰাāĻ,
āϤুāĻŽি āĻāϞোāĻ, āϤুāĻŽি āĻীāϤি,
āϤুāĻŽি āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāϰ āĻŽাāϝ়া āϏীāϤা।
āĻŦāύ্āĻĻে āĻāĻāϤা āĻŽাāϤāϰāĻŽ্ ॥
đŋ Transliteration
Ekata MÄtaram
JÄgo nava-yuge, mÄ, chiraprabhÄ,
BibhÄjaner Åášáš
khal karo dhvaášsa rÄbhÄ,
Dhana-Åaktir naáē dÄsatva chÄi,
MÄnaber maryÄdÄ tabei satya pÄi.
Vande Ekata MÄtaram.
BÄášijyer Åášáš
khal, ášášer bandhan,
BhÄáš
go mÄ, mukta karo nata jan,
Uttar, DakášŖiáš, PÅĢrba, PaÅcime,
TomÄr nÄm ek sure rabe digante.
Vande Ekata MÄtaram.
Tumi bhÅĢmi, tumi ÄkÄÅ,
Tumi sakal prÄner ÄÅ,
Tumi nadÄĢr srot, tumi bÄtÄs,
Tumi viÅvajananÄĢr sneha-ÄlÄs.
Vande Ekata MÄtaram.
Naba upanibeÅer jÄl chinna hok,
NyÄáēe hok sambandha, mithyÄ bhok,
SaášbhÄbe Åakti, sebÄáē joy,
TomÄr santÄn meluk hasta sarvatra snehomoy.
Vande Ekata MÄtaram.
Tumi ÅÄnti, tumi saáš
gha,
Tumi chetanÄ ananta anurÄg,
Tumi Äloka, tumi gÄĢti,
Tumi viÅvera mÄyÄ SÄĢtÄĢ.
Vande Ekata MÄtaram.
đ¸ English Translation
Unity, O Mother!
Arise in this new age of light,
Break the chains of endless divide,
No longer slaves to wealth or might —
Only through human dignity is truth our guide.
Shatter the fetters of trade and debt,
Free every soul from bowed regret,
North and South, East and West,
Thy single name fills every breast.
Thou art earth, thou art sky,
The breath of all who live and die,
Thou art the river’s gleam, the wind’s caress,
The world’s kind Mother — boundless tenderness.
Tear the webs of new empire’s snare,
Let justice rule, not greed’s despair,
Strength in compassion, victory in care,
Thy children join their hands everywhere.
Thou art peace, thou art accord,
Thou art the soul the ages adored,
Thou art light, thou art song,
The world’s own Mother — to whom we belong.
đŧ Comparative Analysis
| Era & Theme | Vande Mataram (1875) | TapasyÄ MÄtaram | Samata MÄtaram | Ekata MÄtaram |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Historical Context | Colonial India; call for freedom | Ascetic rebellion and sacrifice | Post-independence search for equality | Post-globalization call for unity |
| Mother’s Form | India as goddess | Fire-born Mother of renunciation | Earthly Mother of fairness | Universal Mother of humanity |
| Tone & Style | Devotional, lyrical | Fierce, revolutionary | Gentle, reformist | Expansive, global |
| Core Message | Love for the land | Liberation through sacrifice | Social justice | Liberation from neo-colonialism |
| Imagery | Rivers, moonlight, fields | Ashes, fire, Gita, monks | Dawn, labor, peace | Trade chains, Earth, compassion |
| Goal of Freedom | Political | Spiritual & moral | Economic & social | Global & ecological |
đē Conclusion: The Eternal Song
From Bankim’s sacred Mother of the land,
to the fiery Mother of rebellion,
to the gentle Mother of equality,
and the universal Mother of humanity —
the voice of Vande Mataram continues to evolve.
It is not merely a song of praise; it is a mirror to the age, reflecting what “freedom” means in each generation.
āĻŦāύ্āĻĻে āĻŽাāϤāϰāĻŽ্ । āĻŦāύ্āĻĻে āϤāĻĒāϏ্āϝা āĻŽাāϤāϰāĻŽ্ । āĻŦāύ্āĻĻে āϏāĻŽāϤা āĻŽাāϤāϰāĻŽ্ । āĻŦāύ্āĻĻে āĻāĻāϤা āĻŽাāϤāϰāĻŽ্ ।
Vande MÄtaram. Vande TapasyÄ MÄtaram. Vande Samata MÄtaram. Vande Ekata MÄtaram.
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